BYOM function call_deri.m (calculates the model output)

Syntax: [Xout TE] = call_deri(t,par,X0v)

This function calls the ODE solver to solve the system of differential equations specified in derivatives.m, or the explicit function(s) in simplefun.m. As input, it gets:

t the time vector
par the parameter structure
X0v a vector with initial states and one concentration (scenario number)

The output Xout provides a matrix with time in rows, and states in columns. This function calls derivatives.m. The optional output TE is the time at which an event takes place (specified using the events function). The events function is set up to catch discontinuities. It should be specified according to the problem you are simulating. If you want to use parameters that are (or influence) initial states, they have to be included in this function.

Author: Tjalling Jager
Date: April 2017
Web support: http://www.debtox.info/byom.html
Back to index walkthrough_debkiss_paper.html

Start
Initial settings
Calculations
Output mapping
Events function

Start

function [Xout,TE,Xout2] = call_deri(t,par,X0v)

global glo   % allow for global parameters in structure glo
global zvd   % global structure for zero-variate data

% NOTE: this file is modified so that data and output can be as body length
% whereas the state variable remains body weight. Also, there is a
% calculation to prevent shrinking in physical length (as shells, for
% example, do not shrink).

Initial settings

This part can be modified by the user to decide whether to calculate the model results using the ODEs in derivatives.m, or the analytical solution in simplefun.m. Further, the events function can be turned on here, initial values can be determined by a parameter, and zero-variate data can be calculated.

useode   = glo.useode; % calculate model using ODE solver (1) or analytical solution (0)
eventson = glo.eventson; % events function on (1) or off (0)
stiff    = glo.stiff; % set to 1 to use a stiff solver instead of the standard one

% Unpack the vector X0v, which is X0mat for one scenario
X0 = X0v(2:end); % these are the intitial states for a scenario

% if needed, extract parameters from par that influence initial states in X0

% % start from specified initial size
% Lw0 = par.Lw0(1);  % initial body length (mm)
% X0(2) = glo.dV*((Lw0*glo.delM)^3); % recalculate to dwt, and put this parameter in the correct location of the initial vector

% start from the value provided in X0mat
if glo.len ~= 0 % only if the switch is set to 1 or 2!
    % Assume that X0mat includes initial length; if it includes mass, no correction is needed here
    % The model is set up in masses, so we need to translate the initial length
    % (in mm body length) to body mass using delM. Assume that size is first state.
    X0(1) = glo.dV*((X0(1) * glo.delM)^3); % initial length to initial dwt
end

% % start at hatching, so calculate initial length from egg weight
% WB0   = par.WB0(1);     % initial dry weight of egg
% yVA   = par.yVA(1);     % yield of structure on assimilates (growth)
% kap   = par.kap(1);     % allocation fraction to soma
% WVb   = WB0 *yVA * kap; % dry body mass at birth
% X0(2) = WVb;            % put this estimate in the correct location of the initial vector

% % if needed, calculate model values for zero-variate data from parameter set
% if ~isempty(zvd)
%     zvd.ku(3) = par.Piw(1) * par.ke(1); % add model prediction as third value
% end

Not enough input arguments.

Error in call_deri (line 50)
X0 = X0v(2:end); % these are the intitial states for a scenario

Calculations

This part calls the ODE solver (or the explicit model in simplefun.m) to calculate the output (the value of the state variables over time). There is generally no need to modify this part. The solver ode45 generally works well. For stiff problems, the solver might become very slow; you can try ode15s instead.

c  = X0v(1);     % the concentration (or scenario number)
t  = t(:);       % force t to be a row vector (needed when useode=0)

% specify options for the ODE solver
options = odeset; % start with default options
if eventson == 1
    options = odeset(options, 'Events',@eventsfun); % add an events function
end
options = odeset(options, 'RelTol',1e-4,'AbsTol',1e-7); % specify tightened tolerances
% options = odeset(options,'InitialStep',max(t)/1000,'MaxStep',max(t)/100); % specify smaller stepsize

if useode == 1 % use the ODE solver to calculate the solution
    % call the ODE solver (use ode15s for stiff problems, escpecially for pulses)
    if isempty(options.Events) % if no events function is specified ...
        switch stiff
            case 0
                [~,Xout] = ode45(@derivatives,t,X0,options,par,c);
            case 1
                [~,Xout] = ode113(@derivatives,t,X0,options,par,c);
            case 2
                [~,Xout] = ode15s(@derivatives,t,X0,options,par,c);
        end
    else % with an events functions ... additional output arguments for events:
        % TE catches the time of an event, YE the states at the event, and IE the number of the event
        switch stiff
            case 0
                [~,Xout,TE,YE,IE] = ode45(@derivatives,t,X0,options,par,c);
            case 1
                [~,Xout,TE,YE,IE] = ode113(@derivatives,t,X0,options,par,c);
            case 2
                [~,Xout,TE,YE,IE] = ode15s(@derivatives,t,X0,options,par,c);
        end
    end
else % alternatively, use an explicit function provided in simplefun!
    Xout = simplefun(t,X0,par,c);
end

if isempty(TE) || all(TE == 0) % if there is no event caught
    TE = +inf; % return infinity
end

Output mapping

Xout contains a row for each state variable. It can be mapped to the data. If you need to transform the model values to match the data, do it here.

% here, translate from the state body weight to output in length, if needed
if glo.len ~= 0 % only if the switch is set to 1 or 2!
    % Here, I translate the model output in body mass to estimated physical body length
    W = Xout(:,1); % Assume that dry body weight is the first state
    Lw = (W/glo.dV).^(1/3)/glo.delM; % estimated physical body length
    if glo.len == 2 % when animal cannot shrink in length (but does on volume!)
        maxLw = 0;%zeros(size(Lw)); % remember max size achieved
        for i = 1:length(Lw) % run through length data
            maxLw = max([maxLw;Lw(i)]); % new max is max of old max and previous size
            Lw(i) = maxLw; % replace value in output vector
        end
    end
    Xout(:,1) = Lw; % replace body weight by physical body length
end

% % To obtain the output of the derivatives at each time point. The values in
% % dXout might be used to replace values in Xout, if the data to be fitted
% % are the changes (rates) instead of the state variable itself.
% % dXout = zeros(size(Xout)); % initialise with zeros
% for i = 1:length(t) % run through all time points
%     dXout(i,:) = derivatives(t(i),Xout(i,:),par,c);
%     % derivatives for each stage at each time
% end

% the part below is highly modified for the specific calculations in the
% DEBkiss1 package, to reproduce the figures in the DEBkiss publication

if X0v(4) > 0 % there is an initial repro buffer, so we started with a fresh egg!
    Xout(t>TE,1) = NaN; % don't include body length after point of hatching
end

% next, calculate respiration from the body length data
Lw = Xout(:,1); % shell length from the output matrix (state 1)
LV = Lw*glo.delM; % translate to volumetric length
JA = par.sJAm(1)*(LV.^2); % embryo assimilation rate for f=1
JA = JA * par.fB(1); % calculate with reduced f for the embryo
JM = par.sJM(1)*(LV.^3); % flux for maintenance
JV = par.yVA(1)*(par.kap(1)*JA-JM); % flux fixed in structural biomass
JD = JA - JV; % dissipation is assimilation minus what is fixed in growth

Resp = JD * 130; % proportionality is uL O2/mg dissipated assimilates (see paper)
Resp(t<glo.Tlag(1),:) = 0; % during the lag phase, assume no respiration
Resp(t>TE,:) = NaN; % don't include respiration after hatching

Xout2{1}(:,1) = t; % time is on the x-axis of the extra data set
Xout2{1}(:,2) = Resp; % repiration on the y-axis

Events function

Modify this part of the code if eventson=1. This subfunction catches the 'events': in this case, this one catches birth and puberty.

Note that the eventsfun has the same inputs, in the same sequence, as derivatives.m.